So a comma is needed. The phrase is thus: separated by commas or not? whether it is necessary to put a comma after the introductory phrase in this way at the beginning and middle of the sentence: examples. in which cases the phrase is highlighted in this way

Thus we find that the third factor in the etiology of neuroses, the tendency to conflict, depends just as much on the development of the ego as on the development of the libido. Our understanding of the causes of neuroses has thus deepened. First, as the most general condition, a forced refusal, then a fixation of the libido, which pushes it in certain directions, and, thirdly, a tendency to conflict as a result of the development of the ego, which rejects such manifestations of the libido. The state of affairs, therefore, is not so confused and not so difficult to understand, as you probably thought in the course of my reasoning. Perhaps, however, this is not all. It is necessary to add something new and detail what is already known.

In order to show you the influence of the development of the ego on the formation of conflicts and at the same time on the cause of neuroses, I would like to give an example, although completely fictional, but by no means devoid of probability. Referring to the title of the comedy Nestroy, I will give an example the characteristic title "In the basement and on the first floor." The janitor lives in the basement, on the first floor - the landlord, a rich and noble man. Both have children, and suppose the daughter of the landlord is allowed to play unsupervised with the child of the proletariat. It can easily happen that children's games take on an obscene, i.e., sexual character, that they play "father and mother", look at each other during intimate functions and irritate the genitals.

The janitor's girl, who, despite her five or six years, could observe some of the sexual life of adults, will perhaps play the role of a seductress. These experiences, even if they do not last long, are enough to activate certain sexual impulses in both children, which, after the cessation of joint games for several years, will be expressed in masturbation. This is common, but the end result will be very different for both children. The janitor's daughter will continue to masturbate until her period, then stop it without difficulty, find a lover a few years later and possibly have a baby, follow one or another path in life that may lead her to the position of a popular actress, and end up life of an aristocrat. It is quite possible that her fate will turn out to be less brilliant, but in any case she will fulfill her destiny in life, without suffering from a premature manifestation of her sexuality, free from neurosis. Another thing is the landlord's daughter. As a child, she will begin to suspect that she has done something bad, soon, but perhaps only after a hard struggle, she will give up masturbatory pleasure, and, despite this, some dejection will remain in her. When, in her girlish years, she can learn something about sexual intercourse, she will turn away from it with inexplicable disgust and prefer to remain in ignorance. Probably, now she will give in to the irresistible desire for masturbation that has again seized her, which she does not dare to complain about. In the years when a man could like her as a woman, a neurosis will break through in her, which will deprive her of marriage and life's hope. If this neurosis can be understood by analysis, it will appear that this well-bred, intelligent girl with high aspirations has completely repressed sexual feelings, and they, unconsciously for her, are stuck in miserable experiences with a childhood friend.

There are rules in the Russian language, the formulation of which turns out to be rather complicated, it is difficult to reduce it to some elementary scheme (for example, the rule for spelling adverbs). At first glance, the rule for punctuation marks for introductory words, phrases and sentences consists in a single wording - they are highlighted on both sides of the letter with commas. However, in reality, the difficulties associated with the use of introductory words and phrases in texts lead to a huge number of errors in the written work of schoolchildren and applicants.

The standard errors associated with punctuation in introductory words are the following:
The word that is introductory is not highlighted;
A word is highlighted that is mistaken for an introductory word, but is not;
The writer inaccurately uses punctuation marks when including an introductory word in the text.
In the first paragraph of this article, you can find four cases of using the rule for punctuation with introductory words, although the introductory word in it is one - "for example." The word "however" is not introductory in the proposed context, performing the function of the union "but", the combinations "at first glance" and "actually", considered by many writers as introductory, are not such at all.

So, what words will be introductory and what are the features of using punctuation marks in introductory constructions?

Introductory words are called words and sentences that are not grammatically related to the general structure of the sentence. Introductory words are not members of the sentence, they cannot be questioned. Introductory sentences and plug-in constructions are not included in the general scheme of the sentence, they are comments that are not related or not closely related to the general meaning of the sentence. Both introductory words and introductory sentences are isolated, that is, the writer uses a distinguishing punctuation mark - paired commas, dashes, brackets.

Below we will try to understand the specifics of the rule for the use of introductory words and phrases in the text. In order for everyone to check how accurately he understood the proposed section of the rule, exercises for self-analysis will be offered after each fragment. Our exercises are somewhat different from those offered in most tutorials. These are not separate phrases, but a coherent text, not quite traditional in content, but extremely rich in introductory combinations, which will allow you to more effectively work out the passed section of the rule.

Basic rule: the introductory word or phrase is separated by commas on both sides.

The main mistake of most writers is associated with inaccurate knowledge of the list of introductory words. Therefore, first of all, you should learn which words can be introductory, which groups of introductory words can be distinguished and which words are never introductory.

GROUPS OF INTRODUCTORY WORDS.

1. introductory words expressing the speaker's feelings in connection with what was said: fortunately, unfortunately, unfortunately, to annoyance, to horror, to misfortune, what good ...
2. introductory words expressing the speaker's assessment of the degree of reliability of what he said: of course, undoubtedly, of course, indisputably, obviously, definitely, probably, possibly, right, maybe, should, it seems, apparently, apparently, in essence, in fact, I think ... This group of introductory words is the most numerous.
3. introductory words indicating the sequence of thoughts presented and their connection with each other: firstly, so, therefore, in general, it means, by the way, further, however, finally, on the one hand ... This group is also quite large and insidious.
4. introductory words indicating the techniques and ways of shaping thoughts: in a word, in other words, in other words, or rather, more precisely, so to speak ...
5. introductory words indicating the source of the message: they say, in my opinion, according to ..., according to rumors, according to information ..., according to ..., in my opinion, I remember ...
6. introductory words, which are the speaker's appeal to the interlocutor: see (whether), know, understand, forgive, please, agree ...
7. introductory words indicating an assessment of the measure of what is being said: at most, at least ...
8. introductory words showing the degree of commonness of what was said: it happens, it happened, as usual ...
9. introductory words expressing the expressiveness of the statement: apart from jokes, it’s funny to say, to be honest, between us…

Writers' mistakes are associated, first of all, with the incorrect characterization of the word as introductory, in other words, with the isolation of a word that is not introductory.

The following words are not introductory words and are not separated by commas in the letter:
literally, as if, in addition, all of a sudden, after all, here, out, hardly, after all, ultimately, hardly, even, precisely, exclusively, as if, as if, just, meanwhile, almost, therefore, therefore, approximately, approximately, moreover, moreover, simply, decisively, as if... - this group includes particles and adverbs, which most often turn out to be erroneously isolated as introductory.
according to tradition, according to advice ..., according to instructions ..., on demand ..., by order ..., according to plan ... - these combinations act as non-isolated members of the sentence - On the advice of her older sister, she decided to enter Moscow State University. By order of the doctor, the patient was put on a strict diet. According to the author's intention, the novel was to cover the period up to 1825.

Task 1. Put the missing punctuation marks. Try to figure out which groups the introductory words used in the text belong to.

To my shame, I do not read serious literature, preferring detective stories to it, and between us talking romance novels. Firstly, it seems that I do not always correctly grasp the author's intention, but I can follow the ups and downs of the plot of a crime story well. Secondly, I am absolutely not interested in describing the fictional experiences of the characters, so I usually skip almost half the book. Apparently, I'm just one of those people who, to put it mildly, should not read "serious" literature. In addition, this literature, in my opinion, is often written by people who have not fully realized themselves in practical activities, in other words, the unemployed, and detectives are created by former and current employees of the competent authorities, who, you see, have proven their right to understand the essence of what they describe. Of course, from the point of view of style, these novels unfortunately seem to be written off from one another, but on the other hand, the plots can, without any doubt, excite even a distinguished philologist.
For example, novels about the everyday life of police officers cannot but captivate. According to literary critics, these books are allegedly devoid of artistic merit. Therefore, reading such a work does not essentially develop our intellect, but believe me, the pleasure from the process of complicity in the investigation of a bloody crime essentially adds so much adrenaline that the intellect rises, as it were, by itself. It happens that the reader, before the heroes of the novel, guesses who, according to the author's intention, commits a crime. Perhaps it is this illusion of your superiority over the policemen participating in the action that, among other things, gives you a sense of involvement in the novel's plot, while unfortunately no one can even virtually imagine himself as one of the heroes of a postmodernist novel.
Further, any detective reader knows that evil will eventually be punished and, needless to say, justice will prevail. Thus, these books provide an opportunity to hope for the triumph of good, and in my opinion this alone is a fairly good reason for the publication of such works that, in essence, do not interfere with anyone. Maybe many will not agree with me, but agree, we all know people who have never mastered "War and Peace" and are unlikely to remember the content of the novel "Oblomov", but to be honest, even my friends professors and academicians often spend their leisure time leafing through new detective.

Depending on the context, the same words can either act as introductory words or as members of a sentence:

MAYBE and MAYBE, MUST BE, IT SEEMS act as introductory, if they indicate the degree of reliability of the reported - Maybe I'll come tomorrow? Our teacher has been gone for two days; maybe he got sick. You must be the first time you meet such a phenomenon. I think I saw him somewhere. These same words can be in the role of predicates - What can a meeting with you bring me? How can a person be so optional! This should be your own decision. All this seems very suspicious to me.
OBVIOUSLY, POSSIBLY, SHOWN turn out to be introductory if they indicate the degree of reliability of the statement - Do you obviously want to apologize for your act? Next month I may go on vacation. You don't seem to want to tell us the whole truth? The same words can be included in the composition of the predicates - It became obvious to everyone that we had to look for another way to solve the problem. This was made possible thanks to the coordinated actions of the fire brigade. The sun is not visible because of the clouds.
PROBABLY, CORRECTLY, EXACTLY, NATURALLY turn out to be introductory when indicating the degree of reliability of the reported (in this case they are interchangeable or can be replaced by words of this group that are close in meaning) - You probably (=should be), and you don’t understand how important it is to do it on time. You, right, are the same Sidorov? She certainly was a beauty. All these considerations, of course, are only our assumptions. The same words turn out to be members of the sentence (circumstances) - He correctly (=correctly, the circumstance of the mode of action) translated the text. I don't know for sure (=probably a modus operandi), but he must have done it to spite me. The student accurately (=correctly) solved the problem. This naturally (=in a natural way) led us to the only correct answer.
BTW is an introductory word if it indicates a connection of thoughts - He is a good sportsman. By the way, he also studies well. This word does not act as an introductory word in the meaning of "at the same time" - I'll go for a walk, by the way I'll buy bread.
BTW turns out to be an introductory word, indicating a connection of thoughts - Her parents, girlfriends and, by the way, best friend are against the trip. This word can be used as a non-introductory word in the context - He made a long speech, in which, among other things, he noted that he would soon become our boss.
FIRST OF ALL, as an introductory word indicates the connection of thoughts - First of all (= firstly), is it necessary to raise such a delicate topic at all? The same word can act as a circumstance of time (=first) – First of all, I want to send greetings from your parents. It must be said that in the same phrase "first of all" can be considered as an introductory, or not, depending on the will of the author.
REALLY, DEFINITELY, DEFINITELY, DEFINITELY will be introductory if they indicate the degree of reliability of the reported - From this hill, indeed (= exactly, in fact, without any doubt), the best view opened. Undoubtedly (=really, really), your child is capable of music. He has certainly read this novel. - or at the reception of the formulation of thoughts - That, in fact, is the whole story. The same words are not introductory if they appear in other meanings - I really am the way you imagined me (= in fact, in fact). He was undoubtedly a talented composer (= no doubt, actually). She is certainly right in offering us such a simple way to solve the problem (=very, quite right). I didn't really have anything against the school, but I didn't want to go to this one (= in general, exactly). The words "really" and "unconditionally", depending on the intonation proposed by the speaker, may in the same context be either introductory or not.
THUS, NEXT, THEN, FINALLY, IN THE END as introductory words indicate a sequence of thoughts - And, then, she turned out to be a celebrity. Next, we will talk about our findings. Thus (=so), our results do not contradict those obtained by other scientists. She is smart, beautiful and, finally, she is very kind to me. What, after all, do you want from me? Usually sentences containing the above words complete a series of enumerations, the words themselves have the meaning "and more". In the context above, the words "firstly", "secondly", "on the one hand", etc. may occur. "Thus" in the meaning of the introductory word turns out to be not only the completion of the enumeration, but also the conclusion.

The same words do not stand out as introductory in the meanings: "in this way" = "in this way" - Thus he was able to move the heavy cabinet. "Next" = "then" - Next, the floor is given to the second opponent. Usually in the previous context there are circumstances of time, for example "at first". "Later" = "then, after that" - And then he became a famous scientist. "Finally" = "in the end, finally, after everything, as a result of everything" - Finally, all things were successfully completed. Usually, in this sense, the particle "-something" can be added to the word "finally", which cannot be done if "finally" is an introductory word. In the same meanings as above for "finally", the combination "in the end" is not introductory - In the end (= as a result) an agreement was reached.
HOWEVER is introductory if it is in the middle or at the end of a sentence - It has, however, been raining for the second week, despite the forecasts of weather forecasters. How clever I am, however! "However" does not turn out to be introductory at the beginning of a sentence and at the beginning of a part of a complex sentence, when it acts as an adversative conjunction (= but) - However, people did not want to believe in his good intentions. We did not hope to meet, but we were lucky.
GENERALLY is introductory in the sense of "generally speaking", when it indicates the way thoughts are formed - His work, in general, is of interest only to a narrow circle of specialists. In other senses, the word "generally" is an adverb in the sense of "as a whole, completely, in all respects, under all conditions, always" - Ostrovsky is for the Russian theater what Pushkin is for literature in general. Under the new law, smoking in the workplace is generally prohibited.
MY WAY, YOUR WAY, OUR WAY, YOUR WAY are introductory, indicating the source of the message - your child, in my opinion, has caught a cold. Do you think this proves something? The word "in his own way" is not introductory - He is right in his own way.
OF COURSE is most often introductory, indicates the degree of reliability of the statement - Of course, we are ready to help you in everything. Sometimes this word is not isolated if intonation is distinguished by a tone of confidence, conviction. In this case, the word "of course" is considered an amplifying particle - I certainly would agree if you warned me in advance.
ANYWAY more often it is introductory and is used for evaluation - I, in any case, would not like to remember this. These words, in any case, testify to the seriousness of his attitude to life. In the meaning of "always, under any circumstances," this combination is not introductory - in any case, I had to meet him today and talk to him.
IN REALLY, it is NOT introductory more often, speaking in the meaning of "really" - Petya is really well versed in computers. I really have nothing to do with it. Less often, this phrase turns out to be introductory, if it serves to express bewilderment, indignation - Why are you, in fact, pretending to be a smart guy?
IN TURN, it can be introductory when it indicates the connection of thoughts or the way thoughts are formulated - Among many modern writers, Vladimir Sorokin is of interest, and among his books, in turn, "Roman" can be highlighted. Asking me to help him with his work, he, in turn, did not mess around either. The same phrase can be non-introductory in the meanings "in response", "on my part" (= when the turn comes) - Masha, in turn, told about how she spent the summer.
MEAN is introductory if it can be replaced by the words "therefore", "therefore" - The message is complex, which means it needs to be transmitted today. The rain has already stopped, so we can go for a walk. If she fights so hard with us, then she feels right. This word may turn out to be a predicate, close in meaning to "means" - the Dog means more to him than his wife. When you are truly friends with a person, it means that you trust him in everything. "So" can be between the subject and the predicate, especially when they are expressed in infinitives. In this case, a dash is placed before "means" - To be offended means to recognize oneself as weak. To be friends means to trust your friend.
On the contrary, it is introductory if it indicates a connection of thoughts - He did not want to offend her, but, on the contrary, tried to ask her for forgiveness. Instead of playing sports, she, on the contrary, sits at home all day. The combination "and vice versa" is not an introductory combination, which can act as a homogeneous member of a sentence, it is used as a word that replaces the whole sentence or part of it. - In the spring, girls change: brunettes become blondes and vice versa (i.e. blondes become brunettes). The more you study, the higher marks you get, and vice versa (i.e. if you study a little, the marks will be bad; the comma before "and" appears at the end of the part of the sentence - it turns out, as it were, a compound sentence, where "on the contrary" replaces its second Part). I know that he will fulfill my request and vice versa (i.e. I will fulfill it, there is no comma before "and", since "vice versa" replaces a homogeneous clause).
AT LEAST it is introductory, if grades matter - Misha, at least, knows how to behave, and does not pick his teeth with a fork. This phrase can be used in the meanings of "no less than", "the least", then it is not isolated - She will at least know that her father did not live in vain. At least five of the class must take part in cross-country skiing.
FROM THE POINT OF VIEW is introductory in the meaning of "according to" - From my grandmother's point of view, a girl should not wear trousers. Her answer, from the point of view of the examiners, deserves the highest marks. The same turnover may have the meaning "in relation to" and then it is not introductory - The work is going according to plan in terms of timing. If we evaluate the behavior of the heroes of some literary works from the point of view of modern morality, then it should be considered immoral.
IN PARTICULAR, it stands out as introductory if it indicates the connection of thoughts in the statement - She is interested, in particular, in the question of the contribution of this scientist to the development of the theory of relativity. The firm takes an active part in charitable activities and, in particular, helps orphanage No. 187. If the combination IN PARTICULAR is at the beginning or at the end of the connecting structure, then it is not separated from this structure (this will be discussed in more detail in the next section) I love books about animals, especially about dogs. My friends, in particular Masha and Vadim, vacationed this summer in Spain. The specified combination is not distinguished as an introductory one if it is connected by the union "and" with the word "in general" - The conversation turned to politics in general and, in particular, to the latest decisions of the government.
MAINLY it is introductory, when it serves to evaluate some fact, highlight it in a statement - The textbook should be rewritten and, mainly, such chapters should be added to it ... The room was used on solemn occasions and, mainly, for organizing ceremonial dinners. This combination may be part of the connecting structure, in which case, if it is at its beginning or end, it is not separated from the comma structure itself - Many Russian people, mainly representatives of the intelligentsia, did not believe the promises of the government. In the meaning of “first of all”, “most of all”, this combination is not introductory and does not stand apart - He was afraid of writing mainly because of his illiteracy. What I like most about him is his relationship with his parents.
FOR EXAMPLE will always be introductory, but is formatted differently. It can be separated by commas on both sides - Pavel Petrovich is a person who is extremely attentive to his appearance, for example, he carefully cares for his nails. If "for example" appears at the beginning or at the end of an already isolated member, then it is not separated from this turnover by a comma - In many large cities, for example, in Moscow, an unfavorable environmental situation is developing. Some works of Russian writers, such as "Eugene Onegin" or "War and Peace", served as the basis for the creation of feature films not only in Russia, but also in other countries. In addition, after "for example" there may be a colon, if "for example" is after a generalizing word in front of a number of homogeneous members - Some fruits can cause allergies, for example: oranges, tangerines, pineapple, red berries.

Task 2. In the text below, punctuate the introductory words. In the phrase in italics, all punctuation marks are missing, try to arrange them and explain what rules of the Russian language you had to use.

Pupil 6 "B" class Nikita Pryshchikov was undoubtedly lazy. Naturally, his laziness led to poor grades in school, and so he was, of course, also a loser. In general, he could sometimes fight his laziness and then, to the delight of all the teachers, he received "fours", but Nikita did not often have a desire to overcome himself. By the way, his laziness extended only to doing homework and maybe even some unpleasant household chores such as washing dishes and cleaning the room. But Nikita had time and energy for pranks, computer games and, of course, football. Actually, Pryshchikov had nothing against going to school, some lessons, in particular physical education and drawing, even gave pleasure, but mathematics and mainly the Russian language brought unbearable suffering. First of all, he did not always correctly understand the rule, but perceived it in his own way, as it seemed to him more precisely. Further, Nikita could not apply this rule in practice, which means he made a lot of mistakes. Perhaps he needed more time to understand the material, but Nikita did not have it. Coming home from school, he first of all turned on the computer and played at least an hour with an interesting and useful toy from his point of view. Then he ran into the yard and played football, demonstrating the dexterity and speed of reaction undoubtedly inherent in the boy. He really loved sports, and then the boy needs to run and jump, in the end he must grow up strong and strong. Sitting at home and reading boring books means becoming lethargic and weak, and this in turn can lead to illness. Isn't football really more important than books? Nikita expressed these thoughts to his father, and he, in turn, supported his son and protected him from his mother, who, on the contrary, considered the most important "five" in the diary.
Then Nikita rested, watched TV or played on the computer again. After that, there were just 30 minutes left for the lessons, because my mother demanded to go to bed no later than at 21.30. And it was precisely in those half an hour that Nikita was attacked by laziness, in any case, this state could only be called that. The boy listlessly went through the pages of textbooks, mainly trying to remember what was said in the class and convincing himself that he remembers everything, he closed the books. Thus, in the end, the lessons remained unfinished, and among the teachers the opinion grew stronger that Nikita Pryshchikov was undoubtedly a lazy person. You don't think so, do you?

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The article describes how to write a phrase in sentences correctly - in this way. When an adverb is punctuated and when not.

Russian grammar has a number of features. There are rules that are difficult to understand or reduce to any particular sequence. These include the spelling of adverbs. They say that introductory words in sentences should be highlighted with punctuation marks, or rather commas. But there are difficulties with writing introductory words. After all, they are not always considered as such. The phrase THIS WAY can be either introductory or not. Next, we will dwell on this issue in more detail.

THUS: introductory word or not?

The expression can be used as an introductory phrase. In this case, THIS WAY does not act as a member of the proposal. These words form the order of presentation in the texts, the connection between the words.

Sentence examples:

• Thus, in the dark we were safe, she hid us from prying eyes.
• The air in the forest has healing properties due to its non-pollution, thus, after walking along the forest paths, a person experiences an improvement in well-being and cheerfulness.

Do I need to put a comma after the introductory phrase THIS WAY at the beginning and middle of a sentence?

The introductory phrase is THUSLY distinguished by commas, less often by a dash, if the phrase is an output. More precisely, it sums up everything said above in the text.

This expression is isolated by punctuation marks both at the beginning of the phrase and in the middle. Regardless of the location of the phrase.

Examples:

• Thus, it is necessary to have a declaration for dairy products. This expression sums it up.
• Thus, we sum up - it is unprofitable to buy products from this reseller. The phrase is the conclusion.
• Thus, she equated herself with the others. Here the phrase is the result of some action.

Introductory phrase THIS WAY at the beginning and middle of a sentence: examples

Examples:

• Thus, Sergei Petrovich changed his mind about going to the meeting.
• Svetlana, thus, wanted to show her "I".
• Thus, if all reasoning is nullified, then the naked truth will remain.
• Thus, all plans for the capture were carried out.

When THIS WAY is introductory, and when is it not?

THIS WAY - separated by commas if the phrase is used in the meaning:

• hence
• actually.

In what cases is the phrase THIS WAY highlighted by commas, and in which not?

If the phrase denotes a sequence of fabrications, sums up, then it is highlighted with punctuation marks.

Examples:

• So what did you come up with?
• Thus, I think it is necessary to draw a line and draw a conclusion.
• Thus, it is harmful to drink instant coffee on an empty stomach.

If the phrase is used in the text as a member of a sentence or in the meaning of phrases: IN THIS WAY, LIKE THIS, then punctuation marks are not needed.

• Thus, you have fulfilled all your goals.
• The plants crushed in this way disappeared inside the device.
• Thus Sergei moved the wardrobe to the other side of the room.
• Thus, the documentary evidence was refuted.

Introductory word Thus - an example of writing

It is precisely because many people forget the grammar rules for writing introductory phrases that students make many mistakes in exams. Either they put extra punctuation marks, or they generally forget to highlight introductory phrases. Thus, grades for work are declining, and passing scores for admission to higher educational institutions leave much to be desired. To prevent this from happening, you need to carefully prepare for the upcoming certification. Revisit the rules a bit.

IMPORTANT: Interestingly, despite everything written, even these rules have exceptions. In addition, in our time, liberties are increasingly used in writing many literary texts. The authors of works very often deviate from generally accepted standards, they are not so strict about punctuation and even spelling.

Video: Introductory words, how to write?

union + adverbial expression; union + introductory expression

1. Union + adverbial expression. The same as "in this way", "so". The adverb does not require punctuation marks. Punctuation for conjunction depends on the syntactic structure of the sentence.

Mother, who knew by heart all his habits and customs, always tried to shove the unfortunate book as far away as possible., and thus The court calendar did not catch his eye sometimes for whole months. A. Pushkin, Captain's daughter. ... She did not at all think, as I already noted above, to subject the crocodile to retrograde and humiliating punishment with rods, but simply wished that he would only be ripped open with a knife and thus they released Ivan Matveich from his insides. F. Dostoevsky, Crocodile.

2. Union + introductory expression. The words "in this way" are distinguished by punctuation marks, usually commas.

She speaks so well, she suffers so plaintively, everything around her is so bad that you have no indignation against her, you pity her, you arm yourself against her oppressors. and thus, in her face you justify the vice. N. Dobrolyubov, Ray of Light in the Dark Kingdom. Scientists have long been going to the discovery, and thus, it did not come as a surprise to them.

The introductory expression "thus" is not separated by a punctuation mark from the joining union "and" located at the beginning of the sentence.

Fedya did not go to college. And thus, he was drafted into the army.

For details on punctuation for introductory words, see Appendix 2. (Appendix 2)

• - introductory expression and adverbial expression 1. Introductory expression. Same as "therefore means". Indicates the connection of thoughts, the sequence of their presentation. Separated by punctuation marks, usually commas...

  Punctuation Dictionary

• - Unchange. 1...

  Educational Phraseological Dictionary

• - razg. union 1. Use. when attaching the subordinate part of a complex sentence, in which the purpose of the action is expressed as an assumption based on some sl. data or considerations...

  Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova

• - in such a way adv. adv. quality.-circumstances. unfold Thus...

  Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova

• - thus adv. quality.-circumstances. 1. In this way; So. 2...

  Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova

• - Razg. Iron. Just as unsuccessfully, unsuccessfully. Sometimes the car, having slipped on all four wheels, began to slowly but surely slide to the side ...
• - Simple. So, in this way. Yegor contrived, grabbed both of his tormentors by the breasts, slammed against each other. I felt how they went limp, wanted to repeat it in the same way, but received a heavy blow to the back of the head ...

  Phraseological dictionary of the Russian literary language

• - adverb, number of synonyms: 3 with the same success just as unsuccessfully as unsuccessfully...

  Synonym dictionary

• Synonym dictionary

• - adverb, number of synonyms: 12 similarly in the same spirit in the same spirit in the same line in the same manner in the image and likeness in the same way in the same way in the same way in the same way ...

  Synonym dictionary

• - adverb, number of synonyms: 13 similarly in the same spirit in the same spirit in the same line in the same manner in the image and likeness similarly in the same way in the same way in the same way ...

  Synonym dictionary

• - adverb, number of synonyms: 4 in my opinion, just like me, like me, like me...

  Synonym dictionary

• - adverb, number of synonyms: 9 in such a spirit in such a way so in such a manner in such a way being in such a kind of such a way ...

  Synonym dictionary

• - therefore, it follows from here, in such a way, so, from which it follows, that way, it became, consequently, it follows, from which it appears, from this it follows, in such a manner, in such a way, therefore, it turns out, in such a way, in such a way. ..

  Synonym dictionary

• - suggestion, number of synonyms: 1 like ...

  Synonym dictionary

• - adverb, number of synonyms: 4 in my opinion just like me just like me in the same way as me...

  Synonym dictionary

"and thus" in books

Myth No. 47. On the eve of the war, Beria deliberately "filtered" intelligence information in such a way that reliable information did not reach Stalin

From the book 100 myths about Beria. The inspirer of repressions or a talented organizer? 1917-1941 author Martirosyan Arsen Benikovich

Myth No. 47. On the eve of the war, Beria deliberately “filtered” intelligence information in such a way that reliable information did not reach Stalin. You know, the answer to this myth will be extremely concise, capacious, but tough: this is nonsense of mad idiots! And nothing

- before it is realized, IGNORED in this way, the essence of the matter (theme, question, problem),

From the book Hyperborean Teaching the author Tatishchev B Yu

Before it is realized, IGNORED in this way, the essence of the matter (theme, question, problem) is one of the main symptoms of the modern, so-called "mass consciousness". It is quite obvious that with this approach, the semantic essence ALWAYS remains “behind the scenes”.

author

20. Thus, to turn war into a game, only an element of chance is needed, but there is never a lack of it. From this we see how the objective nature of war reduces it to a calculation of chances; now only one element is missing to turn it into a game; this is the case.

From the book German military thought author Zalessky Konstantin Alexandrovich

29. Thus theory considers the nature of ends and means. Aim and Means in Tactics Thus, the task of theory is to consider the nature of means and ends. In tactics, the means are the trained military forces that must fight. The goal is victory. More accurate

Thus, my first acquaintance with the experience of international congresses had a strong influence on my own style and the style of my employees.

From the book I treated Stalin: from the secret archives of the USSR author Chazov Evgeny Ivanovich

Thus, even my first acquaintance with the experience of international congresses had a strong influence on my own style and the style of my colleagues. The Congress also showed the significance of new methods. By that time, we had neither new models of instruments nor the necessary reagents, and

"SORRY THAT WE ARE PARTING IN THIS WAY"

From the book of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Ministers of Foreign Affairs. Secret diplomacy of the Kremlin author Mlechin Leonid Mikhailovich

"SORRY THAT WE ARE PARTING IN THIS WAY" In May 1986, at a meeting at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Shevardnadze spoke about the need to abandon the previous postulate: the Soviet Union should be as strong as any possible coalition of opposing it

Chapter 9 Germany closes the Dardanelles and thus cuts off Russia from her allies

From the book Tragedy of the Armenian people. Ambassador Morgenthau's Story author Morgenthau Henry

CHAPTER 9 Germany closes the Dardanelles and thus cuts off Russia from her allies On September 27, the British ambassador, Sir Louis Mallet, entered my office. He was more than excited. I have just left the Khedive of Egypt, and I spoke to Sir Louis about Egyptian affairs.

Why is my middle finger the longest and why did it evolve this way?

From the book Oddities of Our Body. Entertaining anatomy by Juan Steven

Why is my middle finger the longest and why did it evolve this way? So that they can show rude gestures! This, of course, is an overly bold answer, but in fact there are no convincing explanations for this fact, except that the size of each finger is

I never thought that I would cure neurodermatitis in this way

From the book How I Cured Skin Diseases the author Arkadiev P V

I never thought that I would cure neurodermatitis in this way. I am 38 years old. I have always, all my life had neurodermatitis, since I was eight years old. I knew it had to do with the nerves and the nervous system, but in recent years I have had a very quiet life. And in general, I have not had any special

20. Thus, to turn war into a game, only an element of chance is needed, but there is never a lack of it.

author von Clausewitz Carl

20. Thus, to turn war into a game, only an element of chance is needed, but there is never a lack of it. From this we see how the objective nature of war reduces it to a calculation of chances; now only one element is missing to turn it into a game; this is the case.

29. Thus theory considers the nature of ends and means. Purpose and means in tactics

From the book About the War. Parts 1-4 author von Clausewitz Carl

29. Thus theory considers the nature of ends and means. Aim and Means in Tactics Thus, the task of theory is to consider the nature of means and ends. In tactics, the means are the trained military forces that must fight. The goal is victory. More accurate

Announcement 83 About what we need to remember, what we represent, as a result of which and what we have become and where we will go, so that, having ended our life well, we will receive eternal rewards

From the book Volume V. Book 1. Moral and ascetic creations the author Studit Theodore

Announcement 83<581>About the fact that we need to remember what we represent, as a result of what and what we have become and where we will go, so that, having ended our life well, we will receive eternal rewards Brothers and fathers. I see and notice that I have no other way to be of service to you,

The goal is to rise, and thus all rise

From the book Book 21. Kabbalah. Questions and answers. Forum-2001 (old edition) author Laitman Michael

The goal is to rise, and in this way everyone rises. Question: You have said many times that no “bad” physical actions can affect the spiritual worlds. Spiritual worlds are not some "spaces" that are "somewhere out there", but are measures

31. Thus you testify against yourselves that you are the sons of those who slew the prophets;

From the book Explanatory Bible. Volume 9 author Lopukhin Alexander

31. Thus you testify against yourselves that you are the sons of those who slew the prophets; In Acts. 7:52 The first martyr Stephen says in the same words: “Which of the prophets did not your fathers persecute?

The game is endless if you play it this way

From the book Lessons of Icarus. How high can you fly? the author Godin Set

The game is endless if you play it this way. If something works, then instinct tells us that we can no longer be zealous. Why wish for more? If, on the other hand, you are in a game, then the goal is to keep playing. Work

1. Introductory words and phrases are not part of the offer. With their help, the speaker expresses his attitude to the content of the statement (confidence or uncertainty, emotional reaction, etc.):

Example: Unfortunately, he did not have watercolors.(Soloukhin).

Introductory sentences can also perform the same function.

For example: I dare say I was loved in the house(Turgenev) - in terms of structure, a definite-personal one-part sentence; In life, you know, there is always a place for exploits(M. Gorky) - in structure, a two-part sentence; We, if you want to know we came to demand(Gorbatov) - in structure, a conditional one-part clause.

In writing, introductory words, phrases and sentences usually separated by commas.

Digits of introductory words by value

Meaning	Introductory Components	Examples
1. Evaluation of the reported in terms of reliability, etc.:
1.1. Confidence, credibility	Of course, of course, undoubtedly, undoubtedly, without a doubt, certainly, really, in fact, really, naturally, naturally, naturally and etc.	Undoubtedly, someone is sucking the life out of this strange girl who cries when others in her place laugh (Korolenko). The heroine of this novel needless to say, was Masha (L. Tolstoy). Indeed, since my mother died ... I was very rarely seen at home (Turgenev).
1.2. uncertainty, speculation, vagueness, assumption	Probably, it seems, apparently, probably, in all probability, right , in some way, in some way, suppose, suppose, suppose, if you like, anyway and etc.	She probably still drinks coffee and cookies in the morning(Fadeev). Life, it seems, has not yet begun(Paustovsky). Gift bread, apparently, to your taste(Mezherov). And he dreamed, perhaps, of approaching by another way, of knocking at the window as a welcome guest, dear(Twardowski). My head hurt a bit. Must be bad weather(Chekhov).
2. Different feelings:
2.1. Joy, approval	Fortunately, for happiness, for joy, for joy, for the pleasure of someone, what is good, what is even better and etc.	Fortunately, Alekhine left the house an hour earlier and managed to catch the steamer sailing to Frankfurt(Kotov). Here, to the indescribable admiration of Petya, on the old kitchen table, a whole locksmith's workshop is arranged(Kataev).
2.2. regret, disapproval	Unfortunately, unfortunately, unfortunately, to the shame of someone, to regret, to annoyance, to misfortune, as to misfortune, as if on purpose, a sinful deed, which is even worse, which is insulting, alas and etc.	Unfortunately, I must add that in the same year Paul died(Turgenev).
2.3. Surprise, bewilderment	Surprisingly, surprisingly, surprisingly, surprisingly, strangely, strangely, incomprehensibly and etc.	Naydenov, to Nagulny's amazement, in one second brushed off his leather jacket, sat down at the table(Sholokhov).
2.4. Fear	Irregular hour, what good, God forbid, just look and etc.	Just look, the oar will vomit and throw itself into the sea(Novikov-Priboy).
2.5. The general expressive nature of the utterance	In conscience, in fairness, in fact, in essence, to the soul, in truth, truth, in truth, it is necessary to tell the truth, if the truth is told, it is ridiculous to tell, to tell in honor, speaking between us, there is nothing to say in vain, I confess, except jokes, actually and etc.	Followed him, though, some weakness(Turgenev). I confess, I do not like this tree - aspen too much ...(Turgenev). Nothing offends me so much, I dare say, offends me so much, as ingratitude.(Turgenev).
3. Message source	According to someone's report, according to someone's opinion, in my opinion, in your opinion, according to someone's words, according to someone's expression, according to rumors, according to a proverb, according to legend, from someone's point of view, I remember, hear, they say, say, they say, how they hear, how I think, how I think, how I remember, how they say, how they think, as it is known, as it was indicated, as it turned out, as they used to say in the old days, in my opinion and etc.	Pesotsky, they say, has apples as big as his head, and Pesotsky, they say, has made a fortune with his garden(Chekhov). The calculation, in my opinion, was mathematically accurate(Paustovsky). Twenty years ago, Linen Lake was such a wilderness that, according to foresters, not every bird dared to fly there(Paustovsky).
4. The order of thoughts and their connection	firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally, so, therefore, therefore, thus, on the contrary, vice versa, for example, for example, in particular, in addition, besides, to top it all, in addition, moreover, on the one hand, on the other hand, by the way, by the way, in general, in addition, therefore, the main thing, by the way, by the way, by the way and etc.	On the one hand, the darkness was saving: it hid us(Paustovsky). Forest air is healing, it lengthens life, it increases our vitality, and, finally, it turns the mechanical and sometimes difficult process of breathing into pleasure.(Paustovsky). So, the next day I stood in this room outside the doors and listened to how my fate was decided.(Dostoevsky).
5. Evaluation of the style of utterance, manner of speech, ways of formulating thoughts	In a word, in a word, in other words, in other words, directly speaking, roughly speaking, in fact, in fact, in short, in short, rather, it is better to say, to say directly, easier to say, so to speak, how to say, so to speak, what is called and etc.	In a word, Storeshnikov every day more and more firmly thought to marry(Chernyshevsky). In short, this is not a master in science, but a worker(Chekhov). We got up and went to push to the well, or rather, to the fountain.(Garshin).
6. Evaluation of the measure, the degree of what is being said; the degree of generality of the stated facts	at least, at least, to some extent, to a large extent, as usual, as usual, happens, happens, as usual, as always, as it happens, as it happens, as it happens sometimes and etc.	Talked to me at least like an army commander(Simonov). Behind the counter, as usual, almost the entire width of the opening stood Nikolai Ivanovich ...(Turgenev) It happens that my luck is happier(Griboyedov).
7. Attracting the interlocutor's attention to the message, emphasizing, underlining	Do you see (whether), know (whether), remember (whether), understand (whether), believe (whether), listen, allow, imagine, imagine, you can imagine, believe, imagine, confess, believe, believe, do not believe, agree, notice, do me a favor, if you want to know, I remind, we remind, I repeat, I emphasize what is important, what is even more important, what is essential, what is even more significant and etc.	You were scared, admit it, when my fellows threw a rope around your neck?(Pushkin). Imagine our young ones are already bored(Turgenev). We, if you want to know we came to demand(Gorbatov). Where was it, please?(Pavlenko).

2. According to their grammatical correlation, introductory words and constructions can go back to various parts of speech and various grammatical forms:

nouns in various cases with and without prepositions;

No doubt, happily, fortunately and etc.

adjectives in short form, in various cases, in superlative degree;

Right, to blame, the main thing, in general, the most important thing, the least.

pronouns in indirect cases with prepositions;

Besides, besides, meanwhile.

adverbs in positive or comparative degree;

Undoubtedly, of course, probably shorter, rather.

verbs in various forms of indicative or imperative mood;

I think, do you believe, it seemed, they say, imagine, have mercy.

infinitive or combination with infinitive;

See, know, admit, it's funny to say.

combinations with adverbs;

To tell the truth, in short, to put it bluntly.

two-part sentences with a subject - a personal pronoun and a predicate - a verb with the meaning of will, speaking, thought, etc.;

For as long as I can remember, I often think.

• impersonal offers;

  She thought we all remember well.

• indefinitely personal proposals.

  So they thought of him, as they usually spoke of him.

That is why it is necessary to distinguish between introductory words and homonymous forms and constructions.

Note!

Depending on the context, the same words sometimes act as introductory (hence, not members of the sentence), then as members of the sentence. In order not to be mistaken, you should remember that:

A) a question can be put to a member of the proposal;

b) the introductory word is not a member of the sentence and has one of the meanings listed above;

V) introductory words can usually (but not always) be removed from the sentence.

Compare the following sentences in pairs:

This is true(Dostoevsky). - True, sometimes ... it's not too fun to wander along country roads (Turgenev).

During the summer, he can become attached to this weak, talkative creature, get carried away, fall in love (Chekhov). - You might think that I'm asking you for money!(Dostoevsky).

Listen, we right went? Do you remember the place? (Kassil). - Donkey shouts: we, right, will get along, if we sit next to each other(Krylov).

In a number of cases, the criterion for distinguishing between introductory words and members of a sentence is the possibility of adding a word saying.

By the way, he never came.("By the way"); You really shouldn't have come.("as a matter of fact"); In short, the book is useful.("in short"); I really don't want to go back to what I said.("in truth").

When determining the syntactic function and punctuation, in some cases it is necessary to take into account several conditions.

1) The word probably is introductory in the sense of "probably, apparently":

The sisters are probably already asleep(Korolenko).

The word probably is a member of the sentence in the sense of "undoubtedly, exactly":

If I know(How?) Maybe that I must die, then I will tell you everything, everything!(Turgenev).

2) The word is finally introductory:

if it indicates a connection of thoughts, the order of their presentation (in the meaning of “and more”) completes the enumeration:

Opekushin was a native of the common people, at first self-taught, then a recognized artist and, finally, an academician(Teleshov).

Often the word is finally preceded by homogeneous members of the word Firstly Secondly or on the one hand on the other hand, in relation to which the word is finally the closing enumeration;

if it gives an assessment of a fact from the point of view of the speaker's face or is used to express impatience, to strengthen, emphasize something:

Yes, go away, finally!(Chekhov).

Note!

The word finally is not introductory and performs the function of a circumstance in the meaning of “at the end”, “finally”, “after everything”, “as a result of everything”.

Gave three balls annually and squandered finally (Pushkin).

In this meaning, the particle -to can usually be added to the word (with an introductory word, such an addition is impossible).

Wed: Finally got to the station (Finally got to the station). - You can finally turn to your father for advice(adding a particle -That impossible).

3) The distinction between the combination in the end as an introductory and as a member of the sentence - circumstances are similar in terms to the word finally.

Wed: After all, in the end, we have not yet decided anything definitively! (in the end denotes not time, but the conclusion reached by the speaker as a result of a series of reasoning). - In the end agreement has been reached(the meaning of the circumstance "as a result of everything").

4) A word, however, is introductory if it is in the middle or at the end of a simple sentence:

Heat and fatigue took, however, their(Turgenev); How clever I am, however(Chekhov).

At the beginning of a sentence (part of a complex sentence) or as a means of connecting homogeneous members, the word however has the meaning of an adversative union (it can be replaced by a union but), so a comma is placed only before this word:

However, it is desirable to know - by what witchcraft did the peasant take such power over the whole district?(Nekrasov).

Note. In rare cases, however, the word is separated by a comma at the beginning of the sentence, approaching in meaning an interjection (expresses surprise, bewilderment, indignation), for example: However, what a wind!(Chekhov).

5) The word of course is usually set off with commas as a lead:

Fedor still worked in the rear, heard, of course, and read many times about "folk heroes"(Furmanov).

But sometimes the word of course, pronounced in a tone of confidence, conviction, takes on the meaning of an affirmative particle and is not punctuated:

Of course it's true!; Of course it is.

6) The word is indeed introductory in the sense of "yes, that's right, exactly" (usually it takes a position at the beginning of a sentence):

Indeed, from the battery, a view of almost the entire location of Russian troops(L. Tolstoy).

As an adverb really has the meaning "in fact, truly, in reality" (usually it comes between the subject and the predicate):

I really is as you say(Dostoevsky).

7) A word in general is introductory if it is used in the sense of "generally speaking":

In general, one could agree with this statement, but it is necessary to check some data; Actually, I would like to know what really happened.

In other cases, the word is generally used as an adverb in different meanings:

• in the sense of "in general", "as a whole":

  Pushkin is to Russian art what Lomonosov is to Russian education. at all (Goncharov);

• in the meaning of "always", "absolutely", "under all conditions":

  He kindle fires at all forbade it was dangerous(Kazakevich);

• in the meaning of "in all respects", "in relation to everything":

  He at all looked weird(Turgenev).

  This provision also applies to the form in general.

  Wed: Sadness, in general, nothing(introductory word, can be replaced - generally speaking). - These are the terms generally uncomplicated process(meaning "in the end"); I made a few remarks about various little things, but All in all very much praised(Garshin) (meaning "as a result").

8) Combination anyway is introductory if it has a restrictive-evaluative value:

Anyway, his last name was not Akundin, he came from abroad and spoke for a reason (A.N. Tolstoy); This information at least in the short term, it will be difficult to check (the entire turnover is highlighted).

In the meaning of "under any circumstances" this combination is not introductory:

You anyway will be informed of the progress of the case; I was firmly convinced that anyway I'll meet him today at my mother's(Dostoevsky).

9) The combination, in turn, is not highlighted as busy if it is used in a meaning close to direct, or in the meaning of “in response”, “on its part”:

He in its turn asked me(i.e. when it was his turn); The workers thanked their bosses for their help and asked to visit them more often; in turn, representatives of the patronage organization invited the workers to a meeting of the theatre's artistic council.

In a figurative sense, the combination, in turn, acquires the meaning of introductory and punctuation stands out:

Among the newspaper genres, the genres are informational, analytical, and artistic and journalistic; among the latter, in turn, stand out essay, feuilleton, pamphlet.

10) The combination really in the meaning of "really" is not introductory. But if this combination serves to express bewilderment, indignation, indignation, etc., then it becomes introductory.

11) In particular, indicating the relationship between parts of the statement, it is separated from both sides by commas:

He is interested in particular in the origin of individual words.

But if, in particular, it is part of the connecting structure (at its beginning or at the end), then it is distinguished by being occupied together with this structure:

Many will willingly undertake this work, and in particular I; Many will willingly undertake this work, and I in particular.

If, in particular, it is included in the design in general and in particular, then such a construction is not separated by commas:

Over tea, the conversation turned to the household in general and in particular about gardening(Saltykov-Shchedrin).

12) The combination is mainly introductory, if it serves to highlight a fact, to express its assessment.

For example: There was a wide alley ... and it was mainly the public who walked along it.(Bitter) (it is impossible to form the combination “mainly to walk”, therefore, in this example, the combination mainly is not a member of the proposal); The article should be corrected and, mainly, supplemented with fresh material. (mainly meaning "most important"). The combination mainly, which is part of the connecting structure (at its beginning or at the end), is separated by commas along with it, for example: From fifty people mostly officers, crowded in the distance(Pavlenko).

The combination is mainly not introductory in the meaning of "first of all", "most of all":

He achieved success mainly due to his industriousness; What I like most about him is his sincerity.

13) The word main is introductory in the sense of "especially important", "especially important":

You can take any topic for the story, but, most importantly, it should be interesting; Details can be omitted, and most importantly - to make it entertaining(a comma cannot be put after the union a, and a dash is put after the introductory combination to strengthen punctuation).

14) The word means is introductory if it can be replaced by introductory words hence it became:

People are born, get married, die; it means it's necessary, it means it's good(A.N. Ostrovsky); So, does that mean you can't come today?

If the word means is close in meaning to "means", then the punctuation depends on the place it occupies in the sentence:

in the position between the subject and the predicate, it serves as a means of communication between the main members of the sentence, a dash is placed in front of it, and no sign is placed after it:

To fight is to win;

in other cases, it means that it is not separated or distinguished by any signs:

if the word means is located between the subordinate and the main clause or between the parts of the non-union complex sentence, then it is separated from both sides by commas:

If he so stubbornly defends his views, it means that he feels he is right; If you did not save the child, then blame yourself.

15) The word vice versa means “as opposed to what is said or expected; on the contrary" is introductory and is separated by commas:

Instead of slowing down, he, on the contrary, stood on the goats and desperately twisted his whip over his head.(Kataev).

If, on the contrary (after the union and) is used as a word replacing a sentence member or a whole sentence, then the following punctuation is observed:

when a member of a sentence is replaced, then no sign is placed before the union and:

In the picture, light tones turn into dark ones and vice versa.(i.e. dark to light);

when, on the contrary, it joins the whole sentence, then a comma is placed before the union:

The closer the light source, the brighter the light emitted by it, and vice versa(replacing the whole sentence: The farther away the light source, the less bright the light it emits.; a kind of complex sentence is formed);

when, on the contrary, it joins a subordinate clause, a comma before the union is not put:

This also explains why what was considered criminal in the ancient world is considered legal in the new and vice versa.(Belinsky) (as if homogeneous subordinate clauses are formed with a non-repeating union And: ...and why what was considered criminal in modern times was considered legal in the ancient world).

16) The combination is at least introductory if it has an evaluative and restrictive meaning, that is, it expresses the attitude of the speaker to the thought expressed:

One person, driven by compassion, decided to at least help Akaky Akakievich with good advice.(Gogol); Vera Efimovna advised to apply for transferring her to political or, at least, to a nurse in a hospital.(L. Tolstoy).

If the introductory combination at least stands at the beginning of a separate turnover, then it is separated by commas along with it:

Nikolai Evgrafych knew that his wife would not return home soon, at least five o'clock! (Chekhov).

The combination is at least not separated by commas if it has the value "not less than", "at least":

From his tanned face one could conclude that he knew what smoke was, if not gunpowder, then at least tobacco smoke.(Gogol); At least I will know that I will serve in the Russian army (Bulgakov).

17) A turnover, including a combination from the point of view, is separated by commas if it has the meaning "according to":

Choosing a place to build a cottage, from my point of view, lucky.

If such a combination has the meaning "in relation", then the turnover is not separated by commas:

I know that a crime has been committed if you look at things from the point of view of general morality; In terms of novelty, the book deserves attention.

18) The word approximately is introductory in the sense of "for example" and is not introductory in the sense of "approximately".

Wed: I try about her, about("For example"), not to think is impossible(Ostrovsky). - We are about("approximately") in these tones and with such conclusions they talked(Furmanov).

19) The word for example is associated with the following punctuation:

• separated by commas as introductory:

  Nikolai Artemyevich liked to argue persistently, for example, about whether it is possible for a person to travel around the entire globe throughout his life.(Turgenev);

• stands out together with a turnover, at the beginning or at the end of which is:

requires a comma before itself and a colon after itself, if it is after a generalizing word before listing homogeneous members:

Some mushrooms are very poisonous, for example: pale grebe, satanic mushroom, fly agaric.

Note!

Never are not introductory and the words are not separated by commas:

as if, as if, hardly, hardly, allegedly, almost, even, exactly, after all, only, certainly, just, nevertheless, necessarily, suddenly.

3. General rules for punctuation marks for introductory words, combinations and sentences.

1) Basically, introductory words, phrases and sentences are separated by commas:

I confess that he did not make a good impression on me.(Turgenev); Yes, you probably saw her that evening(Turgenev).

2) If the introductory word is after the enumeration of homogeneous members and precedes the generalizing word, then only a dash (without a comma) is placed before the introductory word, and a comma after it:

Books, brochures, magazines, newspapers - in a word, all kinds of printed matter lay on his desk in complete disarray.

If the sentence is complex, then a comma before the dash is placed on the basis of the general rule for separating parts of a complex sentence:

The men drank, argued and laughed - in a word, dinner was extremely cheerful (Pushkin).

3) When two introductory words meet, a comma is placed between them:

What good, perhaps, and marries, out of tenderness of the soul ...(Dostoevsky); So, according to you, physical labor should be done by everyone without exception?(Chekhov).

Amplifying particles with introductory words are not separated from them by a comma:

This is probably true, since there are no contraindications.

4) If the introductory word is at the beginning or at the end of a separate turnover (isolation, clarification, explanation, attachment), then it is not separated from the turnover by any sign:

The swarthy, stocky captain calmly sips his pipe, apparently Italian or Greek (Kataev); Among the comrades there are such poets, lyrics or something, preachers of love for people(Bitter).

Introductory words are not separated from a separate turnover, even if they are at the very beginning or at the very end of the sentence:

Apparently afraid of snowdrifts, the leader of the group canceled the climb to the top of the mountain; Leave these new arguments unconvincing and far-fetched of course.

If the introductory word is in the middle of a separate turnover, then it is separated by commas on a general basis:

The child, apparently afraid of the horse, ran up to his mother.

Note!

It is necessary to distinguish between cases when the introductory word is at the beginning of a separate turnover, and cases when it is between two members of the sentence.

Wed: He had information seems to have been published recently (a separate turnover, the introductory word seems to be part of it). - In his hand he held a small, it seems, technical manual.(without the introductory word, there would be no punctuation mark, since the definitions small And technical heterogeneous, the introductory word refers to the second of them).

In the presence of homogeneous definitions, when there may be doubt to which of the homogeneous terms, preceding or following, the introductory word between them refers, the second definition, together with the introductory word, can form a clarifying construction.

This information is taken from the new seems special for thiscase drawn up, directory(without an introductory word, there would be a comma between homogeneous definitions); Silence and grace reigned in it, obviously forgotten by god and people, corner of the earth(specifying definition with a demonstrative pronoun this).

If the introductory word is at the beginning of a phrase enclosed in brackets, then it is separated by a comma:

Both posts (apparently recent) have received widespread attention.

5) If there is a coordinating union before the introductory word, then the punctuation will be like this. Introductory words are separated from the preceding coordinative union by a comma if the introductory word can be omitted or rearranged to another place in the sentence without violating its structure (as a rule, with unions and, but). If the withdrawal or rearrangement of the introductory word is not possible, then a comma is not placed after the union (usually with the union a).

Wed: The entire edition has already been printed, and, probably, the book will go on sale one of these days. (The entire edition has already been printed, and the book will go on sale in a few days.); This question has already been considered several times, but, apparently, the final decision has not yet been made. (This question has already been considered several times, but the final decision has not yet been made.); Here, not coal, but rather liquid fuel can be used. (It can be used not coal, but liquid fuel). - The calculations were made hastily, and therefore inaccurately.(impossible: Calculations were made hastily and inaccurately); Maybe everything will end well, and maybe vice versa(impossible: Maybe everything will end well, and vice versa).

Note!

Homogeneous member of the sentence, standing after the introductory words and therefore, therefore, is not isolated, that is, a comma is not placed after it.

For example: As a result, the strength of the electromagnetic field of incoming signals, and hence the strength of reception, increases many times over; This scheme, and therefore the whole project as a whole, needs to be verified.

6) After the connecting union (at the beginning of an independent sentence), a comma is usually not put, since the union is closely adjacent to the introductory word following it:

And imagine, he nevertheless staged this performance; And I can assure you, the performance turned out wonderful; And what do you think he got his way; But anyway, the decision was made.

Less often (when intonation highlights introductory words or introductory sentences, when they are included in the text by means of a subordinating union), after the connecting union, a comma is placed before the introductory construction:

But, to my great annoyance, Shvabrin, usually condescending, decisively announced that my song was not good(Pushkin); And, as usual, they remembered only one good thing(Krymov).

7) The introductory words before the comparative turnover (with the union as), target turnover (with the union to), etc., are separated from them on the basis of the general rule:

All this seemed strange to me, however, like others; The son thought for a moment, probably to collect his thoughts.(usually in these cases the introductory word refers not to the previous, but to the subsequent part of the sentence).

8) A dash can be used instead of a comma for introductory words, phrases and sentences.

The dash is used in the following cases:

if the introductory phrase forms an incomplete construction (any word restored from the context is missing), then a dash is usually put instead of one comma:

Chichikov ordered to stop for two reasons: on the one hand, to give the horses a rest, on the other, to rest and refresh himself(Gogol) (a comma before a subordinate clause is absorbed by a dash);

a dash is placed before the introductory word as an additional sign after the comma, if the introductory word is between two parts of a complex sentence and can be referred to either the preceding or the subsequent part:

The dog disappeared - probably someone drove it out of the yard(the dash emphasizes that not “the dog must have disappeared”, but that “the dog must have been driven away”).

Sometimes an additional sign emphasizes causal or conjunctive relationships between parts of a sentence:

It was difficult to check his words - obviously, the circumstances had changed a lot.

Sometimes a comma and a dash are placed before the introductory word, which is at the beginning of a separate turnover, and a comma after it, to avoid possible ambiguity:

Since there is still time, we will call someone else for the exam, for example, those who are retaken (allowable in the meaning of "suppose", "say");

a dash is placed before the introductory word after a comma if the part of the sentence following the introductory word summarizes what was said in the first part:

Chichikov asked with extreme accuracy who was the governor in the city, who was the chairman of the chamber, who was the prosecutor - in a word, he did not miss a single significant person.(Gogol);

using a dash, introductory sentences can be distinguished if they are quite common (have secondary members):

To suspect Yakov Lukich of sabotage - now it seemed to him- it was not easy(Sholokhov); Let the enemy get away, or - as it is said in the solemn language of military regulations- letting him break away is a big nuisance for scouts, almost a shame(Kazakevich).

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