Putting a comma before the union "and". Punctuation marks with union -and Punctuation marks with homogeneous members

Can be distinguished three most dangerous alliances, when meeting with which you need to be especially careful: and yes (in meaning And ), or. And if they appear alone, then you need to keep your eyes open.

And unions or yes (in meaning And ) are not as common as union And. This union is truly omnipresent. Try experimenting: open any text (fiction, journalistic, scientific) and find a page that does not contain a single union And . You will have to work hard, spend a lot of time, and it is unlikely that your search will be crowned with success.

If you come across a dangerous alliance, this is a signal: "Danger! Take your time! Think!

So, we see: we have a sentence in which we need to punctuate. What needs to be done first? Right! Determine how many grammatical bases. If the sentence is simple - it has some punctuation marks, if the sentence is complex - others.

The "non-dangerous" conjunctions and allied words are the creatures that carry the poster: "We need a comma! (or some other punctuation mark)". For example, a, but, to, what, which, because, therefore, if etc.

But "dangerous" unions scream that they special, so for them there are separate rules for punctuation!

Let's try to put these rules together in order to make the work of all of us who study Russian easier.

The first group is complex sentences. The second group - simple sentences with homogeneous members(subjects, predicates, additions, definitions, circumstances). Each group has its own list of punctuation rules for "dangerous" unions.

Let's take them in order.

When the sentence is difficult

The rule about putting a comma in a complex sentence is very simple: if the sentences have some common grammatical or semantic elements, a comma between simple sentences is not placed before a single “dangerous” union.

These common elements can be:

1) General minor member of the sentence.

Ivan Ivanovich's large expressive eyes of tobacco color and a mouth somewhat similar to the letter Izhitsu. (N. V. Gogol)

Who has big eyes? Ivan Ivanovich. And whose mouth looks like the letter Izhitsu? Same with Ivan Ivanovich. The general addition applies equally to the first sentence and to the second.

Be careful! The minor member of the sentence really should be common!

Compare. At the pier, loaders are slowly doing their work, and huge liners are smoothly sailing into the ocean.

One might immediately think that at the pier is a common minor term. But then it turns out that the liners sail into the ocean at berth, but this is not so: the liners sail from berth, and movers do their job at berth. There is no common minor term, so a comma is needed.

2) General adjective.

If it wasn't for the rain, all the greenery would have dried up long ago and the earth would lie in wrinkles and cracks.

3) General main proposition.

The swallow said goodbye to Thumbelina as soon as the sun warmed and the earth melted.

If the "dangerous" union repeats, then no common members of the sentence are important - the comma is still put.

There used to be a taiga here, And there were bears, And age-old mighty trees rustled.

The union is repeated, therefore, despite the presence of a common circumstance here, simple sentences are separated by commas.

When the sentence is simple

The rule for setting a comma with homogeneous members is also simple: a comma is not placed if the union is single; if the "dangerous" conjunction is repeated, a comma is needed.

Examples:

1. Pine trees grew in the forest And birch.

2. They grew in the forest And pines, And birch.

3. Pine trees grew in the forest, And birch, And aspens.

4. Pine trees grew in the forest And birch, aspen And Oak trees.

Is it that hard to remember? When there are examples, schemes and rules in front of your eyes, probably not. But in the texts there are sometimes sentences in which punctuation marks can cause difficulties.

1. The temptation to put an unnecessary comma is especially great in those cases when the homogeneous members of the sentence, connected by a "dangerous" union, do not stand side by side, but are separated by other words. The more such words, the more I want to put a comma. And if we have a poetic text in front of us, then here the intonation also pushes us to put an extra comma.

Look at the following sentences, think about where you would like to put a comma.

1. A messenger rides with a diploma
AND arrived at last.

2. The moon ran in the darkness
From cloud to cloud And mound
Illuminated with instant brilliance.
(A. S. Pushkin)

Punctuation marks are correct, commas are not needed.

2. Pairs of homogeneous members can be homogeneous and heterogeneous.

Compare two sentences.

In summer And in winter, in the rain And in the city, at night And during the day they go to save people.

Pairs of homogeneous circumstances refer to one member of the sentence - the predicate, therefore they are separated by a comma.

Serbian writers And poets carefully And reverently collected And recorded in villages And villages folk songs and fairy tales.

All pairs of homogeneous members refer to different members of the sentence and are heterogeneous in relation to each other, therefore they are not separated by commas.

3. There can be several “dangerous” unions in one sentence, so you need to find out what work each union does, then put punctuation marks.

AND heart beats in rapture
AND resurrected for him
AND deity and inspiration
AND life, and tears, and love. (A. S. Pushkin)

Before us is a complex sentence, simple sentences are connected by a union And; in the second part we see homogeneous subjects with a repeating union And.

In the grammar of the Russian language, there are cases when we, without hesitation, quickly and accurately put punctuation marks, for example, a comma before opposing conjunctions A And But. However, there are times when slowness and care and you need to think about how the sentence is structured, what are the semantic relationships of the parts, only after that put punctuation marks. Don't forget the Russian proverb: Hurry up and make people laugh.

Good luck in learning Russian!

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Not needed - there is no generalizing word, no dependent words.

...When repeated twice others unions, except, a comma is always included.

Now about the features of setting a comma when the union is repeated twice And .

With a double repetition of the union And(if the number of homogeneous members is two) a comma is placed in the presence of a generalizing word with homogeneous members of the proposal: Everything reminded me of autumn: both yellow leaves and fogs in the mornings; the same without a generalizing word, but in the presence of dependent words with homogeneous members: Now it was possible to hear separately both the sound of rain and the sound of water.(Bulg.).

However, in the absence of these conditions with homogeneous members of the sentence, forming a close semantic unity, a comma may not be put: (T.); And day and night the scientist cat keeps walking around the chain(P.).

Note-1:

Do not confuse the repeating union And and unions And set on different bases: It was quiet and dark and smelled sweetly of herbs.(first And stands between the homogeneous parts of the main member of the sentence, and the second And joins part of a complex sentence).

Note-2:

A comma is not put in integral phraseologized combinations with repeating unions and... and , neither ... nor (they connect words with opposing meanings): and day and night, and old and young, and laughter and grief, and here and there, and this and that, and here and there, neither two nor one and a half, neither give nor take, neither matchmaker nor brother, neither back nor forth, neither the bottom nor the tire, neither this nor that, nor become nor sit down, neither alive nor dead, neither yes nor no, neither hearing nor spirit, nor myself nor people, neither fish nor meat, neither this way nor that, neither peahen nor crow, neither shaky nor roll, neither that nor that etc. The same with paired combinations of words, when the third is not given: and husband and wife, and earth and heaven.

After adding to the question.

The summary would look like this:

And I will turn the other cheek to both scoundrels: both.

With one dependent word, we will not get either a phraseological unit or an integral combination.

With two homogeneous members with a repeating union, a comma is not put if a close semantic unity is formed (usually such homogeneous members do not have explanatory words with them), for example: There were rainy summers and autumns...(Zhukovsky); All around was light and green(Turgenev); Oh, the box is full, full, there is chintz and brocade(Nekrasov); He lived and breathed it(A.K. Tolstoy); The coastal strip, crossed by capes, went in one direction or the other.(Semushkin).

If homogeneous members have explanatory words, a comma in these cases usually put, For example: ... In your heart there is both pride and direct honor(Pushkin); Felled aspens crushed both grass and small shrubs(Turgenev); Everything around has changed: both nature and the character of the forest(L. Tolstoy).

"Our" case - both sides.

Is there a comma before "or"? You will find the answer to the question posed in the materials of this article. In addition, you will learn about whether or not to put commas before "what" and "how".

general information

Surely you know that the official part of speech is called the union. Thanks to it, a connection is made between individual sentences in the text, its parts or words. However, not everyone knows when a comma is placed in front of them, and when not. In order to master this information, we present to your attention a few basic rules.

When is a comma placed before "or" and when not?

The union "or" is a divisive conjunction. Sometimes it is preceded by a comma, and sometimes not. Let's look at both cases in more detail:

Now you know when a comma is placed before "or" and when not. The presented rules will help you correctly compose a letter or any text.

Other unions

It should be especially noted that problems with punctuation arise not only when using the union “or”, but also when using the words “what” and “how”. Let's consider these cases in more detail.

When should you not put a comma before "what"?

When is a comma placed?

When should you put a comma before "how"?

A comma is placed before "how" in 3 cases:

1. If this union is included in expressions that are close in their role to as a rule, as a consequence, as an exception, as now, as always, as now, as on purpose, as for example. Let's give an example: "In the evening, as if on purpose, a blizzard began", "This, as a rule, does not happen very often", "He, as always, was late for the meeting."
2. If all parts are connected by this union. Let's give an example: "We watched the water flow for a long time", "They watched the embers smolder in the fire for a long time."
3. If the sentence contains a circumstance that is expressed starting with this union. Let's give an example: "The voice of the boy rang like a bell", "The girl sang like a nightingale."

Important to remember!

If any offer continues even after the turnover with this union, then it should definitely be isolated. For example: "He watched the water flow for a long time, unable to tear himself away from such a spectacle."

When should a comma not be used?

Sentences with such a union are not separated by commas in 5 cases:

Important to remember!

The presented word can be used as a compound union “as ... and”, “since” and revolutions “since”, “since”, etc. In these cases, a comma should not be put. Here are examples: “All the windows in the palace and in ordinary houses are open”, “He did not take food with him and now he regretted it very much, since he already wanted to eat.”

- (tracing paper from Latin conjunctio and Greek σύνδεσμος, lit. connection, union) a class of function words that form syntactic connections of sentences and syntactic connections of words. The linking function is the main one for the union. However, indicating the existence of a connection, the union ... Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary

This article lacks links to sources of information. Information must be verifiable, otherwise it may be questioned and removed. You can ... Wikipedia

§ 143-148. COMMA BETWEEN HOMOGENEOUS SENTENCE MEMBERS- § 143. A comma is placed between homogeneous members of a sentence that are not connected through unions, for example: Laughter, songs, fun were heard from all sides. L. Tolstoy Everything in the room looked cozy, clean, light. Saltykov Shedrin At his feet are two ... ... Russian spelling rules

stylistic figure- (from Latin figura - outline, image, image, turn of speech) - a term introduced into ancient rhetoric from the art of dance and came into use in the Hellenistic time, when the doctrine of figures as unusual turns of phrase decorating ... ... Stylistic encyclopedic dictionary of the Russian language

Functional words used to connect homogeneous members of a sentence, parts of a complex sentence and independent sentences. Classification of unions: 1) according to the morphological structure: The unions are primitive (not pro and v. water). ... ... Dictionary of linguistic terms

Predicate agreement with homogeneous subjects- 1. In the direct order of the main members of the sentence (the predicate follows homogeneous subjects), the plural form of the predicate is usually used, in the reverse order (the predicate precedes the subject) - the singular form ... A guide to spelling and style

Ancient Greece, Hellas (Greek Hellás), the general name of the territory of the ancient Greek states that occupied the southern Balkan Peninsula, the islands of the Aegean Sea, the coast of Thrace, the western coastal strip of Asia Minor and spread their influence in ... ...

People's Republic of China, PRC (Chinese: Zhonghua Renmin Gunhego). I. General information K. is the largest in terms of population and one of the largest states in terms of area in the world; located in Central and East Asia. In the east… Great Soviet Encyclopedia

I Ancient Greece, Hellas (Greek Hellás), the general name of the territory of the ancient Greek states that occupied the southern Balkan Peninsula, the islands of the Aegean Sea, the coast of Thrace, the western coastal strip of Asia Minor and spread their ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

1. Between homogeneous members of the proposal, connected by repeating unions and…and, yes…yes, neither…neither, or…or, either…either, then…that, not that…not that etc., put a comma: This exclamation wasand admiration, and gratitude, and love(Paust.); There are white shirts of women, and colorful shirts of men, yes voices, yes jingle nimble braids (N.); Neither to the right, nor to the left, neither on the water, nor on the shore there was no one (Hyde.); Everyone always forgot in the kitchenor a hat, or a whip for other dogs or something similar(G.); I am with strangers either shy or put on airs(M. G.); Road then failedbetween mountain ridges then rose on rounded hills(Leon.); Not thoughts, not memories, not dreamswandered in Olenin's head(L. T.); Only from the heat, or from a groantiredness approached(Bagr.).

2. With two homogeneous members of a sentence connected by a repeating union and, a comma is not put if a close semantic unity(usually such homogeneous members do not have explanatory words with them): It was all around and light and green(T.); He wore both summer and winter old jockey hat(Paust.); The coastal strip, crossed by capes, leftand to the other side(Sem.); He was and happy and sadat the same time.

Such semantic units are formed by words with associative (often antonymous) connections:

and saucers and cups

and brother and sister

and deaf and dumb

and friends and enemies

both winter and summer

and vision and hearing

and love and hate

and sea and mountains

and music and singing

and knives and forks

and he and she

and father and mother

and joy and sorrow

and parents and children

with both son and daughter

and glory and shame

and poetry and prose

and body and soul

3. If there are explanatory words with one of the two homogeneous members of the sentence, a comma is placed between them: Felled aspens crushed themselves and grass, and small shrubs (T.); Everything around has changed:and natures character forests (L. T.).

4. Inside expressions phraseological character with repeated unions and ... and, neither ... nor a comma is put:

and day and night

and laughter and grief

both old and young

and so and so

and here and there

and here and there.

neither be nor me

no more, no less

neither brother nor matchmaker

neither back nor forward

neither yes nor no

give or take

not two nor one and a half

no bottom no cover

neither day nor night

neither alive nor dead

for nothing for nothing

no end no end

neither more nor less

neither ours nor yours

no reply no hello

neither peahen nor raven

break a leg

neither fish nor fowl

out of the blue

neither light nor dawn

neither to myself nor to people

neither hearing nor spirit

neither stand nor sit

either way

neither this nor that -

neither one nor the other

neither this nor that

no wow no no

neither here nor there

neither subtract nor add

neither shaky nor wobbly

But: The order will be completed exactly on time,neither earlier nor later- there is a combination of homogeneous members of the sentence with repeated unions, and not a phraseological expression. Wed in proverbs and sayings: Neither A candle to God, not a damn poker; Neither in the city of Bogdan, nor in the village of Selifan.

5. Between the homogeneous members of the sentence, connected by a repeating union and, a comma is placed, if the first and is connective (stands after the dot): And they remembered the past, and tried explain to yourself how it happened.

6. If there are more than two homogeneous members of the sentence, and the union is repeated before each of them, except for the first, then a comma is placed between all homogeneous members: Leaves in the field turned yellow, and whirl, and fly; Linen, and canvases, and yarncarry; And around weresmoke and fight and death(M. G.); Choppy and broken soundrushed and jumped and ransomewhere away from others(Andr.); Other owners have already growncherries, or lilacs, or jasmine(F); Only mallow, yes marigolds, yes twisted panychbloomed somewhere in the yards(Pan.); All evening Lensky wasscattered, then silent, then cheerful again (P.).

7. Between all homogeneous members of the proposal, a comma is also placed in the case when only part of them is connected by repeated unions, and the rest are connected by an unionless connection: He blind, stubborn, impatient, and frivolous, and arrogant(P.); Your living silence, your dashing bad weather, your forests, your meadows, and the lush banks of the Volga, and the joyful waters of the Volga - everything is sweet to me (Yaz.).

8. If two homogeneous members of the sentence, connected by the union and, form a pair closely related in meaning, connected by the union and with the third homogeneous member, the comma is not put: Water has long been sold in Terek and quickly ran and dried along the ditches (L.T.) - the pair group ran and dried with a common minor member along the ditches, both verbs are imperfective, in contrast to the verb-predicate perfective sold; Long before dawn Ilyinichna she lit the oven and by morning she had already baked bread and dried two bags of crackers(Sh.) - pair group baked and dried with the general circumstance of time by the morning; Lyubka was a girl direct and fearless and even in their own way persistent in cases where she did not love someone(F.); The horse snorts and spins with its ears, splashes and splashes and swims far away (L); The first sound of his voice was weak and uneven and did not seem to come out from his chest, but brought from somewhere far away(T.); Pass fire and water and copper pipes (Pogov.); He was young and curious and considered it necessary use every opportunity to broaden your horizons. Wed Also: Peace and quiet and God's grace(Pogov.); Live and live and live well(Pogov.).

9. If union and connects the homogeneous members of the sentence in pairs, then the comma is placed only between the pairs, but not inside them: Nikolai's face and voice, heat and lightVlasova was reassured in the room(M. G.); Russian rivers entered history and life of the country, in its economy and folk poetry, in literature and painting(Paust.); I heard talk— drunk and sober, timid and desperate, full of humility and malice,— all sorts of conversations.(Paust.); On endless, open spacenoise and movement, roar and thunder(Tyutch.).

Paired groups of homogeneous members, in turn, can be connected by a repeating alliance: And the old ataman bent down and began to look for his cradle with tobacco, an inseparable companionon the seas and on land, and on campaigns and at home(G.); Among the rivers there and big and small, and calm and violent, and fast and slow; Shells burst near and far, right and left.

10. The words and others at the end of the list are considered as a homogeneous member of the sentence, and a comma is placed in front of them if the union is repeated with homogeneous members: You are invited and you, and he, and I, and others.

Words, etc. (and so on), etc. (and the like) do not act as homogeneous members in sentences, a comma is not placed in front of them, even if the union is repeated before the previous homogeneous members: This cycle of natural sciences includesand biology, and physics, and chemistry, etc., On exhibition can be presentedand drawings, and sketches, and sketches, etc.

11. If the union is repeated in the sentence not with homogeneous members, then a comma is not placed between them: Consider plans and abstracts of reports and speeches at a scientific conference and print them in a timely manner.

In expressions like two and three and five (two yes three yes five) make ten the comma is not put, since they do not list the homogeneous members of the sentence. Same in expression two plus three plus five.

12. Whether the unions ... or, standing with homogeneous members of the proposal, are not equated to repeating ones, therefore a comma before or is not put: Does he see it or does he not see it? (G.); Was it it's actually or not?