Not in Russian either. The spelling of unstressed particles is not and neither. Difference between NOT and NOR

Particle NOT can be written with words together or separately, NI particle written separately with all words, except for negative adverbs (from nowhere, nowhere) and pronouns without a preposition ( nobody, But from no one). To correctly use the particles NOT and NOR in writing, it is necessary delimit their meanings .

Particle Values ​​NOT

1. Negation: the particle does NOT give a sentence or a single word a negative meaning: Do not go there! - the negative meaning of the whole sentence; This thing does not belong to me - the negative meaning of a single word.

2. Statement with double negative: the repeated particle NOT (the first not before the verb to be able, the second not - before the indefinite form of another verb) has an affirmative meaning: could not know = knew. At the same time, a shade of necessity arises: could not say = should have said.

3. Statement in interrogative-exclamatory sentences: in such sentences (rhetorical questions), the particle does NOT have an affirmative meaning: Where have I not been! (= been everywhere); Who just did not visit me! (= everyone was visiting).

NI Particle Values

1. Negation in sentences without a subject: particle NI denotes negation in sentences without a subject with an addition in the genitive case: Not a cloud in the sky; There is no sound around; Don `t move! Not a word! The NI particle in this case reinforces the negation that is implied. The negative word NO or the predicate in which there is NOT are omitted.

2. Reinforcing denial: if there is a negation in the sentence (the word no, the particle is not with the verb-predicate, participle or gerund), then NI strengthens this negation: There is not a cloud in the sky; without saying a word; looking neither to the right nor to the left. In this case, the particle NI can be omitted, the meaning of the sentence will not change, only the shade of amplification will disappear: I didn't have a moment to think. I didn't have a minute to think. Such cases must be distinguished from the double use of the particle NOT to indicate a statement. Compare: He could not know and not say - affirmative meaning (he knew and said); He could neither know nor guess - negative meaning, nor can be discarded (he could not know or guess).

3. Statement and generalization after relative pronouns and adverbs in a subordinate clause: particle NI gives a generalizing affirmative meaning to words who, what, where, when, how much etc., which serve as a means of connecting the subordinate clause with the main one. Whoever comes, everyone is welcome here = any person will come; No matter how much I looked, I did not notice anything = for a long time, peered intently; Wherever I've been, I've found friends everywhere = Been to different places. Such cases must be distinguished from those complex sentences in which the subordinate clauses have a negative meaning and in which the particle NOT is written. Compare: If you don't read this book, you won't learn much. - the subordinate clause has a negative meaning, the action has not been completed (the book has not been read); Whoever reads this book, everyone loves it. - the subordinate clause has an affirmative meaning, the action has been completed (the book has been read).

Note! The NI particle repeating at homogeneous terms is considered as coordinative conjunction: Not heard neither sound, neither rustle.

Need to remember!

1. If the repeating particle NI is used in stable expression , That comma between the parts of this turnover is not put:

No more, no less	Neither yes nor no	Neither day nor night
No end no end	Neither more nor less	Neither myself nor people
Neither stand nor sit	Neither back nor forward	Give or take
Not two or one and a half	Neither alive nor dead	For nothing for nothing
Neither ours nor yours	no answer no hello	Neither fish nor fowl
Neither light nor dawn	Break a leg	Neither hearing nor spirit
Out of the blue	Neither here nor there	Neither this nor that
Neither here nor there	Neither shaky nor roll	Either way

2. When is NOT written, and when - NI? (when written separately)

Table "NOT and NOR Particles"

The particle is NOT used:

As the main means of denial	I Not went to the cinema. (can't say: I didn't go to the cinema)
As part of stable combinations and unions not at all, near, hardly not, until, not that... but, not only but, not that... not that and etc.	Peter not at all dvoechnik. It was not that on Tuesday, not that on Wednesday.
In exclamatory and interrogative sentences that begin with a pronoun, adverb, or particle	Who Not Do you know the Beatles? How Not rejoice in it!
As a repeating particle in a compound verb predicate	I Not could Not tell him about it.
As a prefix for the formation of new words (under stress is part of pronouns and adverbs)	Was in it Not which is bewitching.

Particle NI is used:

Spelling NOT, NOR with nouns.

The repeating particle NI ... NI is written with AND:

This jacket is not afraid neither rain, neither cold.

This jacket Not the cold is terrible, and the high temperature of the air.

This jacket Not cold and Not the rain is terrible, and the high air temperature.

Explanation: here, too, NOT occurs twice, but these are not repeating particles. The peculiarity of repeating particles is that the first NI implies the obligatory repetition of the second NI. And in our sentence, you can easily remove the second NOT - the sentence will not suffer:

This jacket Not cold and rain are terrible, and the high temperature of the air.

Spelling NOT, NOR in negative pronouns:

Writing NOT, NOR in adverbs.

It is written NOT under stress, NI is written without stress:

n e where - nowhere e

n e when - never A

n e from where - not from at Yes

In a well-known hit it is sung: "I will go after you, no matter what the path prophesies to me ..." Or is it "neither prophesied"? What is before us - affirmation or negation? Compared to the negative particle, the non-particle is used much less frequently, but it is precisely with the distinction of these particles that many difficulties are associated in Russian writing.

The "transparent" cases of use do not include:

not in fixed terms
- Neither give nor take; neither light nor dawn; neither day nor night; neither stand nor sit down; neither alive nor dead; neither fish nor fowl; neither ( do not separate with a comma!).
- None - ie. no one (not one - many); not once - not at all (not once - many times several times).
- Don `t move! No step back!

paired use: no, no (The people did not receive bread or circuses).
In such sentences, the negative particle can neither be replaced or even omitted - the meaning of the statement will be preserved. ( The people did not receive both bread and circuses. Bread, circuses the people did not receive.)

Difficult use cases include the following:

nor to reinforce the denial
In sentences where neither is used to reinforce a negation, there is usually already a negation (no, not): There is not a penny of money. Didn't give me a dime. Sometimes negation is only implied: Not a penny in your pocket. Not a penny was in my pocket.

still exists double negative with not(I couldn't help but notice. It's impossible not to confess). This double negation gives the sentence the sense of affirmation rather than negation ( I couldn't help but notice. It is impossible not to confess - it is necessary to confess). In order not to make mistakes, select synonymous replacements for expressions and words, then much will become clear; try not to memorize the rules, but to understand them and focus on examples that illustrate the rules.

use not with pronouns and adverbs
Whoever passes, leaves a trace whoever passes - everyone passes).
Wherever you stop, you will recognize everywhere ( wherever you stop - wherever you stop).
No matter which way you go, there is a dead end everywhere ( no matter which way you go - any way you go).
In such sentences, pronouns and adverbs with neither can be easily replaced by synonymous constructions. Ni is used with pronouns and adverbs when no exclamation or question.

V independent exclamatory and interrogative sentences(in the presence or possibility of substitution of amplifying particles only, already) it is not written: Where has he not been? Who didn't love him! What thoughts did not change my mind!

V concessive clauses to enhance the affirmative meaning only not used: "I will go after you, no matter what the path prophesies to me ..." ("I will go", despite the fact that "prophesies the path"). That is, no matter what is sung there, you still need to write.

1. Particle Not used for negation, for example: I didn't talk about it. I didn't talk about it. I didn't talk about that.
2. It is necessary to pay attention to individual cases of the use of this particle:
1. In the presence of a negative particle Not in both the first and second parts of the compound verbal predicate, the sentence acquires an affirmative meaning, for example: I can't help but mention...(i.e. should mention), can't help but admit...(i.e., one must confess).
2. In interrogative and exclamatory sentences, the particle Not adjoins pronouns, adverbs and particles, forming combinations with them: how not, who is not, who is not, where not, where not only, than not, what not, what not and so on.; interrogative sentences with a combination Not - whether, For example:

   Well, how not to please your own little man!(Griboyedov).

   Who hasn't cursed the stationmasters, who hasn't scolded them?(Pushkin).

   Why are you not great?(Pushkin).

   Where has he been! What did he just not see! Why not work! Sprayed the light; don't you want to get married?(Griboyedov).

   Would you like some senza?(Krylov).

3. In conjunction with the union Bye particle Not used in subordinate clauses of time, denoting the limit to which the action, expressed by the predicate of the main clause, lasts, for example: Stay here until I come;
4. Particle Not included in stable combinations: almost, almost, hardly not, denoting the assumption, far from, by no means, not at all, not at all, not at all denoting reinforced negation, for example: perhaps the best shooter, almost five o'clock in the morning, not a fair decision, not a bad product at all, far from reliable;
5. Particle Not is part of the coordinating unions: not that; not that - not that; not only - but; not that not - but; not that not - but, For example:

   Give me the ring and go; otherwise I will do something with you that you do not expect(Pushkin).

   Upstairs, behind the ceiling, someone is either moaning or laughing(Chekhov).

   The partisans had not only rifles, but machine guns(Stavsky).

3. Particle neither used to reinforce negation, for example:

   I couldn't get a bone anywhere(Krylov).

   There was not a single gap in the sky behind(Fadeev).

   Blizzard never even looked at the questioners(Fadeev).

   There is not a soul in the village now: everything is in the field(Fadeev).

repeating particle neither takes on the meaning of a union, for example:

There was no water or trees to be seen anywhere.(Chekhov).

Neither muses, nor labors, nor the joys of leisure - nothing can replace the only friend(Pushkin).

But the crowds flee, not noticing either him or his anguish.(Chekhov).

I don't know who you are, who is he(Turgenev).

It is necessary to pay attention to individual cases of the use of the particle neither:

1. a) Particle neither used before the predicate in subordinate clauses to reinforce the affirmative meaning, for example:

   Obey him in everything he commands(Pushkin).

   He could not iambic from chorea, no matter how hard we fought, to distinguish(Pushkin).

   Wherever I look, thick rye is everywhere(Maikov).

   Whoever passes, everyone praises(Pushkin).

Particle neither in subordinate clauses of this type, it is adjacent to a relative word or to a union, and therefore subordinate clauses begin with combinations: whoever, whoever, whatever, whatever, no matter how, howsoever, no matter how much, no matter how much, wherever, wherever, wherever, wherever, whatever, Whichever, no one's, whoever, whenever, whenever and so on.

These combinations have entered some stable turns: wherever it went, out of nowhere, through thick and thin and so on.

2. b) Particle neither occurs in stable combinations that have the meaning of a categorical command, for example: Don `t move, not one step further, not a word and so on.
3. c) Particle neither included in negative pronouns: nobody, no one (no one) etc.; nothing, Nothing (up to nothing) etc.; no, no (none) etc.; nobody's, nobody's (no one) etc. and adverbs: never, nowhere, nowhere, out of nowhere, no way, not at all, at all, not at all, as well as in the composition of the particle someday.

Is written neither in stable combinations that include pronouns, for example: stayed with nothing, left with nothing, disappeared for nothing.

4. d) Double neither is included in stable turns, which are a combination of two opposing concepts, for example: neither alive nor dead; neither this nor that; neither fish nor fowl; neither give nor take; neither peahen nor raven and so on.

§ 88. Not spelled together:

1. In all cases where the word is not used without a negative particle, for example: ignoramus, inevitable, unfortunate, indignant, unwell, unwell, lacking(meaning "not enough") impossible, impossible, really, unbearable, unshakable, unharmed.

2. With nouns, if negation gives the word a new, opposite meaning, for example: enemy, misfortune if negation gives a word that does not have this particle the meaning of opposition, negation, for example: non-specialist, non-Marxist, non-Russian, For example: disagreements between Marxists and non-Marxists; all non-specialists liked the report; a non-Russian will look without love at this pale, bloody, whipped muse(Nekrasov).

3. With full and short adjectives and with adverbs in -o (-e), if their combination with does not serve not to deny any concept, but to express a new, opposite concept, for example: unhealthy look (i.e. painful ), impossible character(i.e. heavy), the sea is restless (i.e. worried), the matter is unclean (i.e. suspicious), come immediately(i.e. immediately, without delay), acted badly(i.e. bad).

4. With full participles, in which there are no explanatory words, for example: unfinished (labor), unblown(flower), stainless (steel), unloved (child), undisguised (malice), uncompressed (strip) (in such cases, the participle is close to the adjective); But: work not completed on time, a flower that did not bloom because of the cold, a child not loved by the mother, students who have not yet been examined(in such cases, the participle is close in meaning to the verb).

Note. With explanatory words denoting the degree of quality, it is not written together with the participle (in these cases, participles with are not close to the adjective), for example: an extremely rash decision, a completely inappropriate example, But: completely inappropriate example(not written separately due to the presence of an explanatory word to the rule).

5. In pronouns, when not separated from the subsequent pronoun by a preposition, for example: someone, something, nobody, nothing(But: no one, nothing, no one, nothing, nothing).

In pronominal adverbs, for example: once, nowhere, nowhere, nowhere.

6. In adverbs, there is no need (in the meaning of “aimless”, for example: there is no need to go there), reluctantly; in prepositional combinations in spite of; in spite of; in an interrogative particle.

Writing adverbs and adverbial combinations that include a negation, a preposition, and a noun or adjective (for example, inadvertently, inadvertently, inadvertently, inadvertently), is determined by the rules set out in § 83, paragraphs 5 and 6.

7. In the verb prefix under-, denoting non-compliance with the required norm, for example: under fulfillment (perform below the required norm), under watch (not enough, look badly, miss something), under sleep (sleep less than normal).

Note. From verbs with a prefix, it is not necessary to distinguish verbs with a prefix do-, which have the negation of not in front of them and denote an action that has not been completed, for example: not to read a book, not to drink tea, not to watch a play.

§ 89. Not written separately:

1. With verbs, including with adverbial forms, for example: she does not drink, does not eat, does not speak; cannot see; without looking, without looking, without haste.

About continuous writing despite, despite and verbs with the prefix mis- see § 88, paragraphs 6 and 7.

Note. Commonly used verb forms does not go, itching, itching are written fluently.

2. In participles: a) in short form, for example: the debt is not paid, the house is not completed, the coat is not sewn b) in full form, when there are explanatory words during the sacrament (see § 88, paragraph 4), and also when there is or is implied opposition during the sacrament, for example: he brought not a finished work, but only separate sketches.

3. With nouns, adjectives and adverbs, if there is or is implied opposition, for example: it was not luck that led us to success, but endurance and composure; not death is terrible - your disfavor is terrible(Pushkin); the morning came not clear, but foggy; the train is not going fast and not slow(meaning: "with some average speed"); not tomorrow (here there can be no opposition).

Note. Attention should be paid to some cases of separate writing of the particle not. The particle is not written separately: a) if with an adjective, participle or adverb, as an explanatory word, there is a pronoun starting with neither, for example: no one (for anyone, etc.) needs a thing, nor when occurring error, no one it is profitable to undertake it; b) if it is not part of amplifying negations far from, not at all, not at all, not at all, not at all, etc., preceding a noun, adjective or adverb, for example: he is not at all a friend to us, far from the only desire by no means fair decision, not at all the best solution, far from enough.

4. With pronouns and pronominal adverbs, for example: not me, not this, not another, not like this, not otherwise, not like that. For cases of continuous spelling not with pronouns and pronominal adverbs, see § 88, paragraph 5.

Note. The philosophical term not-self is hyphenated.

5. With amplifying adverbs, as well as with prepositions and conjunctions, for example: not really, not quite, not quite, not from ..., not under ..., not that ... not that.

The expression is written separately more than once, for example: More than once he accused himself of being overly cautious.(Fadeev).

6. With immutable words that are not formed from adjectives and act as a predicate in a sentence, for example: don't, don't mind, don't be sorry.

7. With all words written with a hyphen, for example: all non-commercial and industrial enterprises; said not in Russian; sing not in the old way.

§ 90. Neither is written together:

1. In pronouns, if the particle is not separated from the subsequent pronoun by a preposition, for example: no one, nothing, no one, nothing, no one, no one, no one, no one, But: no one, no one and so on.